Gap - CAESAR II - Help

CAESAR II Users Guide

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CAESAR II
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CAESAR II Version
12

Specifies a gap value based on the selected restraint Type.

GAP

Typical units (depending on your unit system):

  • in

  • mm

  • cm

Specifies the distance along the restraint line of action that the restrained node can travel before resistance to movement begins. The gap value must be positive. The gap is given in degrees for rotational restraints. If the translational restraint is not preceded by a sign, then the restraint is double acting and the gap exists for both positive and negative displacements along the line of action. For example, if a 0.25 in. gap is specified at a +Y restraint, then the restrained node can move freely 0.25 in. in the minus Y direction before restraint occurs. The gap specification does not affect the amount of free displacement that can occur along the positive Y direction in this example.

You can type two restraints having the same line of action but with different signs at the same node when you define windows of allowed movement. Be careful to remember to form the window with signs on restraints rather than with signs on gaps. A gap is a measure of length in CAESAR II. A gap is always positive.

Examples:

  • TYPE GUI GAP 1/4 ... One-quarter inch gap on either side of the guided restraint.

  • TYPE +Y GAP 3.0 ... Three-inch gap below the support that must be closed before the +Y support begins acting.

  • TYPE RX GAP 5.0 ... Five-degree gap about the X axis about which the pipe may rotate freely before rotational restraint occurs.

  • TYPE = XROD YROD ZROD

Len

Typical units (depending on your unit system):

  • in

  • mm

  • cm

Specifies the swinging length of the rod or hanger. This is the distance along the restraint line of action from the restrained node to the pivot point. The restraint swings about the pivot point. If a CNODE is defined then the restraint swings about the CNODE. Len is a required entry.

  • TYPE = X2 Y2 Z2 RX2 RY2 RZ2

K2

Translation - Typical units (depending on your unit system):

  • lb/in

  • N/mm

  • N/m

  • N/cm

Rotation - Typical units (depending on your unit system):

  • in•lb/deg

  • N•m/deg

Specifies the yield stiffness of a bilinear restraint. When the load on the restraint exceeds Fy, the stiffness on the restraint changes from K1 to K2. Type a negative value to model shallow trench or groove-type pipeline supports. CAESAR II treats K2 values of zero as rigid. Type 1.0 for very small stiffnesses.

  • TYPE = XSPR YSPR ZSPR

"x"

Typical units (depending on your unit system):

  • in

  • mm

  • cm

Specifies the distance traveled along the spring axis before bottom-out occurs. In the case of a typical YSPR, this is the movement in the negative Y direction before the spring bottoms out.

  • TYPE = XSNB YSNB ZSNB

To graphically display restraint gaps, use the Restraint legend. For more information, see Legends Toolbar and Using Legends to Check Your Model.