Material Database Notes - PV Elite - Help - Hexagon

(a)

The following abbreviations are used: Norm. rld., Normalized rolled; NT, Normalized and tempered; QT, Quenched and tempered; Smls., Seamless; Sol. ann., Solution annealed; and Wld., Welded.

(b)

The stress values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained,; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

(c)

Deleted

(d)

Deleted

(e)

Stress values for 100°F are applicable for colder temperatures when the toughness requirements of Section III, VIII, or XII are met.

(f)

An alternative typeface is used for stress values obtained from time dependent properties (see notes T1 - T12).

(g)

Where specifications, grades, classes, and types are listed in this Table, and where the material specification in Section II, Part A or Part B is a dual-unit specification (e.g., SA-516/SA-516M), the values listed in this Table shall be applicable to either the customary U.S. version of the material specification or the SI units version of the material specification. For example, the values listed for SA-516 Grade 70 shall be used when SA-516M Grade 485 is used in construction.

(h)

The properties of steels are influenced by the processing history, heat treatment, melting practice, and level of residual elements. See Nonmandatory Appendix A for more information.

(i)

Where a size limit appears in the Size/Thickness column, the limit applies to the dimension appropriate to the product form: wall thickness of tubing, pipe, pipe fittings, and hollow forgings; thickness of plate, flat bar and forgings, and polygonal bar; diameter of solid bar and bolting; and thickest cross-section of other pressure parts, e.g., castings and forgings.

G1

To these stress values a casting quality factor as specified in PG-25 of Section I or UG-24 of Section VIII, Division 1, or TM-190 of Section XII shall be applied.

G2

These stress values include a joint efficiency factor of 0.60.

G3

These stress values include a joint efficiency factor of 0.85.

G4

For Section I applications, these stresses apply when used for boiler, water wall, superheater, and economizer tubes that are enclosed within a setting. A joint efficiency factor of 0.85 is included in values above 850°F.

G5

Due to the relatively low yield strength of these materials, these higher stress values were established at temperatures where the short time tensile properties govern to permit the use of these alloys where slightly greater deformation is acceptable. The stress values in this range exceed 66 2/3 % but do not exceed 90% of the yield strength at temperature. Use of these stresses may results in dimensional changes due to permanent strain. These stress values are not recommended for the flanges of gasketed joints or other applications where slight amounts of distortion can cause leakage or malfunction. For Section III applications, Table Y-2 lists multiplying factors that, when applied to the yield strength values shown in table Y-1, will give allowable stress values that will result in lower values of permanent strain.

G6

Creep-fatigue, thermal ratcheting, and environmental effects are increasingly significant failure modes at temperatures in excess of 1500°F and shall be considered in the design.

G7

For Section VIII applications, these stress values are based on expected minimum values of 45,000 psi tensile strength and yield strength of 20,000 psi resulting from loss of strength due to thermal treatment required for the glass coating operation. UG-85 does not apply.

G8

These stress values are established from a consideration of strength only and will be satisfactory for average service. For bolted joints where freedom from leakage over a long period of time without retightening is required, lower stress values may be necessary as determined from the flexibility of the flange and bolts and corresponding relaxation properties.

G9

For Section III applications, the use of these materials shall be limited to materials for tanks covered in Subsections NC and ND, component supports, and for nonpressure-retaining attachments (NC/ND-2190).

G10

Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 800°F, the carbide phase of carbon steel may be converted to graphite. See Nonmandatory Appendix A, A-201 and A-202.

G11

Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 875°F, the carbide phase of carbon–molybdenum steel may be converted to graphite. See Nonmandatory Appendix A, A-201 and A-202.

G12

At temperatures above 1000°F, these stress values apply only when the carbon is 0.04% or higher on heat analysis.

G13

These stress values at 1050°F and above shall be used only when the grain size is ASTM No. 6 or coarser.

G14

These stress values shall be used when the grain size is not determined or is determined to be finer than ASTM No. 6.

G15

For Section I applications, use is limited to stays as defined in PG-13 except as permitted by PG-11.

G16

For Section III Class 3 applications, these S values do not include a casting quality factor. Statically and centrifugally cast products meeting the requirements of NC-2570 shall receive a casting quality factor of 1.00.

G17

For Section III Class 3 applications, statically and centrifugally cast products meeting the requirements of NC-2571(a) and (b), and cast pipe fittings, pumps, and valves with inlet piping connections of 2 in. nominal pipe size and less, shall receive a casting quality factor of 1.00. Other casting quality factors shall be in accordance with the following:

1. for visual examination, 0.80;

2. for magnetic particle examination 0.85;

3. for liquid penetrant examination, 0.85;

4. for radiography, 1.00;

5. for ultrasonic examination, 1.00; and

6. for magnetic particle or liquid penetrant plus ultrasonic examination or radiography, 1.00.

G18

See Table Y-1 for yield strength values as a function of thickness over this range. Allowable stresses are independent of yield strength in this thickness range.

G19

This steel may be expected to develop embrittlement after service at moderately elevated temperature; see Nonmandatory Appendix A, A-207, and A-208.

G20

These stresses are based on weld metal properties.

G21

For Section I, use is limited to PEB-5.3. See PG-5.5 for cautionary note.

G22

For Section I applications, use of external pressure charts for material in the form of barstock is permitted for stiffening rings only.

G23

For temperatures above the maximum temperature shown on the external pressure chart for this material, Fig. CS-2 may be used for the design using this material.

PV Elite automatically uses Fig. CS-2 when the temperature exceeds the limits for a curve using this material. If you do not want to use the CS-2 calculation, you can type another value into the External Pressure Curve box in the material properties, click OK, and then re-analyze the job.

G24

A factor of 0.85 has been applied in arriving at the maximum allowable stress values in tension for this material. Divide tabulated values by 0.85 for maximum allowable longitudinal tensile stress.

G25

For Section III applications, for both Class 2 and Class 3, the completed vessel after final heat treatment shall be examined by the ultrasonic method in accordance with NB-2542 except that angle beam examination in both the circumferential and the axial directions may be performed in lieu of the straight beam examination in the axial direction. The tensile strength shall not exceed 125,000 psi.

G26

Material that conforms to Class 10, 11, or 12 is not permitted.

G27

Material that conforms to Class 11 or 12 is not permitted.

G28

Supplementary Requirement S15 of SA-781, Alternate Mechanical Test Coupons and Specimen Locations for Castings, is mandatory.

G29

For Section III applications, impact testing in accordance with the requirements of NC-2300 is required for Class 2 components and in accordance with ND-2300 for Class 3 components.

G30

These stresses apply to all product forms (C, H, and P) as defined in SA/EN 10028–7.

H1

For temperatures above 1000°F, these stress values may be used only if the material is heat treated by heating to the minimum temperature specified in the material specification, but not lower than 1900°F, and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.

H2

For temperatures above 1000°F, these stress values may be used only if the material is heat treated by heating to a minimum temperature of 2000°F, and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.

H3

Quenched and tempered at 1200°F. Notes - Size Requirements

H4

Solution treated and quenched.

H5

For Section III applications, if heat treatment is performed after forming or fabrication, it shall be performed at 1500°F to 1850°F for a period of time not to exceed 10 min at temperature, followed by rapid cooling.

H6

Material shall be solution annealed at 2010°F to 2140°F, followed by a rapid cooling in water or air.

S1

For Section I applications, stress values at temperatures of 850°F and above are permissible but, except for tubular products 3 in. O.D. or less enclosed within the boiler setting, use of these materials at these temperatures is not current practice.

S2

For Section I applications, stress values at temperatures of 900°F and above are permissible but, except for tubular products 3 in. O.D. or less enclosed within the boiler setting, use of these materials at these temperatures is not current practice.

S3

For Section I applications, stress values at temperatures of 1000°F and above are permissible but, except for tubular products 3 in. O.D. or less enclosed within the boiler setting, use of these materials at these temperatures is not current practice.

S4

For Section I applications, stress values at temperatures of 1150°F and above are permissible but, except for tubular products 3 in. O.D. or less enclosed within the boiler setting, use of these materials at these temperatures is not current practice.

S5

Material that conforms to Class 10, 11, or 12 is not permitted when the nominal thickness of the material exceeds ¾ in.

S6

Material that conforms to Class 10, 11, or 12 is not permitted when the nominal thickness of the material exceeds 1-¼ in.

S7

The maximum thickness of unheat-treated forgings shall not exceed 3-¾ in. The maximum thickness as-heat-treated may be 4 in.

S8

The maximum section thickness shall not exceed 3 in. for double-normalized-and-tempered forgings, or 5 in. for quenched-and-tempered forgings.

S9

Both NPS 8 and larger, and schedule 140 and heavier.

S10

The maximum pipe size shall be NPS 4 (DN 100) and the maximum thickness in any pipe size shall be Schedule 80.

S11

Either NPS 8 and larger and less than schedule 140 wall, or less than NPS 8 and all wall thicknesses.

T1

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 700°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T2

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 750°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T3

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 850°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T4

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 900°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T5

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 950°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T6

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1000°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T7

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1050°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T8

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1100°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T9

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1150°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T10

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 800°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T11

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 650°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T12

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1200°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

W1

Not for welded construction.

W2

Not for welded construction in Section III.

W3

Welded.

W4

Nonwelded, or welded if the tensile strength of the Section IX reduced section tension test is not less than 100 ksi.

W5

Welded, with the tensile strength of the Section IX reduced tension test less than 100 ksi but not less than 95 ksi.

W6

This material may be welded by the resistance technique.

W7

In welded construction for temperatures above 850°F, the weld metal shall have a carbon content of greater than 0.05%.

W8

Welding and oxygen or other thermal cutting processes are not permitted when carbon content exceeds 0.35% by heat analysis.

W9

For Section I applications, for pressure retaining welds in 2-¼Cr–1Mo materials, other than circumferential butt welds less than or equal to 3-½ in. in outside diameter, when the design metal temperatures exceed 850°F, the weld metal shall have a carbon content greater than 0.05%.

W10

For Section III applications, material that conforms to Class 10, 13, 20, 23, 30, 33, 40, 43, 50, or 53 is not permitted for Class 2 and Class 3 construction when a weld efficiency factor of 1.00 is used in accordance with Note W12.

W11

For Section VIII applications, Section IX, QW-250 Variables QW-404.12, QW-406.3, QW-407.2, and QW-409.1 shall also apply to this material. These variables shall be applied in accordance with the rules for welding of Part UF.

W12

These S values do not include a longitudinal weld efficiency factor. For Section III applications, for materials welded without filler metal, ultrasonic examination, radiographic examination, or eddy current examination, in accordance with NC-2550, shall provide a longitudinal weld efficiency factor of 1.0. Materials welded with filler metal meeting the requirements of NC-2560 shall receive a longitudinal weld efficiency factor of 1.00. Other long. weld efficiency factors shall be in accordance with the following:

1. for single butt weld, with filler metal, 0.80;

2. for single or double butt weld, without filler metal, 0.85;

3. for double butt weld, with filler metal, 0.90;

4. for single or double butt weld, with radiography, 1.00.

W13

For Section I applications, electric resistance and autogenous welded tubing may be used with these stresses, provided the following additional restrictions and requirements are met:

1. The tubing shall be used for boiler, waterwall, superheater, and economizer tubes that are enclosed within the setting.

2. The maximum outside diameter shell be 3.5 in.

3. The weld seam of each tube shall be subjected to an angle beam ultrasonic inspection per SA-450.

4. A complete volumetric inspection of the entire length of each tube shall be performed in accordance with SA-450.

5. Material test reports shall be supplied.

W14

These S values do not include a weld factor. For Section VIII Division 1, and Section XII applications using welds made without filler metal, the tabulated tensile strength values should be multiplied by 0.85. For welds made with filler metal, check UW-12 of Section VIII Division 1 or TW-130.4 for Section XII, as applicable.

W15

The Nondestructive Electric Test requirements of SA-53 Type E pipe are required for all sizes. The pipe shall be additionally marked "NDE" and so noted on the material certification.

(a)

The following abbreviations are used: Norm. rld., Normalized rolled; NT, Normalized and tempered; QT, Quenched and tempered; Smls., Seamless; and Wld., Welded.

(b)

The stress values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

(c)

Deleted

(d)

Deleted

(e)

Stress values for 40°C are applicable for colder temperatures when the toughness requirements of Section III, VIII, or XII are met.

(f)

An alternative typeface is used for stress values obtained from time-dependent properties (see Notes T1 through T12).

(g)

Where specifications, grades, classes, and types are listed in this Table, and where the material specification in Section II, Part A or Part B is a dual-unit specification (e.g., SA-516/SA-516M), the values listed in this Table shall be applicable to either the customary U.S. version of the material specification or the SI units version of the material specification. For example, the values listed for SA-516 Grade 70 shall be used when SA-516M Grade 485 is used in construction.

(h)

The properties of steels are influenced by the processing history, heat treatment, melting practice, and level of residual elements. See Nonmandatory Appendix A for more information.

(i)

Where a size limit appears in the Size/Thickness column, the limit applies to the dimension appropriate to the product form: wall thickness of tubing, pipe, pipe fittings, and hollow forgings; thickness of plate, flat bar and forgings, and polygonal bar; diameter of solid bar and bolting; and thickest cross-section of other pressure parts, e.g., castings and forgings.

G1

To these stress values a casting quality factor as specified in PG–25 of Section I; UG–24 of Section VIII, Division 1; or TM–190 of Section XII shall be applied.

G2

These stress values include a joint efficiency factor of 0.60.

G3

These stress values include a joint efficiency factor of 0.85.

G4

For Section I applications, these stresses apply when used for boiler, water wall, superheater, and economizer tubes that are enclosed within a setting. A joint efficiency factor of 0.85 is included in values above 450°C.

G5

Due to the relatively low yield strength of these materials, these higher stress values were established at temperatures where the short– time tensile properties govern to permit the use of these alloys where slightly greater deformation is acceptable. The stress values in this range exceed 662/3% but do not exceed 90% of the yield strength at temperature. Use of these stresses may result in dimensional changes due to permanent strain. These stress values are not recommended for the flanges of gasketed joints or other applications where slight amounts of distortion can cause leakage or malfunction. For Section III applications, Table Y-2 lists multiplying factors that, when applied to the yield strength values shown in Table Y-1, will give allowable stress values that will result in lower levels of permanent strain

G6

Creep-fatigue, thermal ratcheting, and environmental effects are increasingly significant failure modes at temperatures in excess of 825°C and shall be considered in the design.

G7

For Section VIII applications, these stress values are based on expected minimum values of 310 MPa tensile strength and yield strength of 140 MPa resulting from loss of strength due to thermal treatment required for the glass coating operation. UG-85 does not apply.

G8

These stress values are established from a consideration of strength only and will be satisfactory for average service. For bolted joints where freedom from leakage over a long period of time without retightening is required, lower stress values may be necessary as determined from the flexibility of the flange and bolts and corresponding relaxation properties.

G9

For Section III applications, the use of these materials shall be limited to materials for tanks covered in Subsections NC and ND, component supports, and for nonpressure-retaining attachments (NC/ND-2190).

G10

Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 425°C, the carbide phase of carbon steel may be converted to graphite. See Nonmandatory Appendix A, A-201 and A-202.

G11

Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 475°C, the carbide phase of carbon–molybdenum steel may be converted to graphite. See Nonmandatory Appendix A, A-201 and A-202.

G12

At temperatures above 550°C, these stress values apply only when the carbon is 0.04% or higher on heat analysis.

G13

These stress values at 575°C and above shall be used only when the grain size is ASTM No. 6 or coarser.

G14

These stress values shall be used when the grain size is not determined or is determined to be finer than ASTM No. 6.

G15

For Section I applications, use is limited to stays as defined in PG-13 except as permitted by PG-11.

G16

For Section III Class 3 applications, these S values do not include a casting quality factor. Statically and centrifugally cast products meeting the requirements of NC-2570 shall receive a casting quality factor of 1.00.

G17

For Section III Class 3 applications, statically and centrifugally cast products meeting the requirements of NC–2571(a) and (b), and cast pipe fittings, pumps, and valves with inlet piping connections of DN 50 and less, shall receive a casting quality factor of 1.00. Other casting quality factors shall be in accordance with the following:

(a) for visual examination, 0.80
(b) for magnetic particle examination, 0.85
(c) for liquid penetrant examination, 0.85
(d) for radiography, 1.00
(e) for ultrasonic examination, 1.00
(f) for magnetic particle or liquid penetrant plus ultrasonic examination or radiography, 1.00

G18

See Table Y-1 for yield strength values as a function of thickness over this range. Allowable stresses are independent of yield strength in this thickness range.

G19

This steel may be expected to develop embrittlement after service at a moderately elevated temperature. See Nonmandatory Appendix A, A-207 and A-208.

G20

These stresses are based on weld metal properties.

G21

For Section 1, use is limited to PEB-5.3. See PG-5.5 for cautionary note.

G22

For Section I applications, use of external pressure charts for material in the form of bar stock is permitted for stiffening rings only.

G23

For temperatures above the maximum temperature shown on the external pressure chart for this material, Fig. CS-2 may be used for the design using this material.

G24

A factor of 0.85 has been applied in arriving at the maximum allowable stress values in tension for this material. Divide tabulated values by 0.85 for maximum allowable longitudinal tensile stress.

G25

For Section III applications, for both Class 2 and Class 3, the completed vessel after final heat treatment shall be examined by the ultrasonic method in accordance with NB-2542 except that angle beam examination in both the circumferential and the axial directions may be performed in lieu of the straight beam examination in the axial direction. The tensile strength does not exceed 860 MPa.

G26

Material that conforms to Class 10, 11, or 12 is not permitted.

G27

Material that conforms to Class 11 or 12 is not permitted.

G28

Supplementary Requirement S15 of SA-781, Alternate Mechanical Test Coupons and Specimen Locations for Castings, is mandatory.

G29

For Section III applications, impact testing in accordance with the requirements of NC-2300 is required for Class 2 components and in accordance with ND-2300 for Class 3 components.

G30

These stresses apply to all product forms (C, H, and P) as defined in SA/EN 10028-7. NOTES - HEAT TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS

G31

The allowable stress value given for 250°C can be used up to the temperature of 260°C.

G32

The allowable stress value given for 200°C can be used up to the temperature of 204°C.

H1

For temperatures above 550°C, these stress values may be used only if the material is heat treated by heating to the minimum temperature specified in the material specification, but not lower than 1040ºC, and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.

H2

For temperatures above 550°C, these stress values may be used only if the material is heat treated by heating to a minimum temperature of 1095°C, and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.

H3

Quenched and tempered at 650°C.

H4

Solution treated and quenched.

H5

For Section III applications, if heat treatment is performed after forming or fabrication, it shall be performed at 825°C to 1000°C for a period of time not to exceed 10 min at temperature, followed by rapid cooling.

H6

Material shall be solution annealed at 1100°C to 1170°C, followed by a rapid cooling in water or air.

S1

For Section I applications, stress values at temperatures of 450°C and above are permissible but, except for tubular products 75 mm O.D. or less enclosed within the boiler setting, use of these materials at these temperatures is not current practice.

S2

For Section I applications, stress values at temperatures of 475°C and above are permissible but, except for tubular products 75 mm O.D. or less enclosed within the boiler setting, use of these materials at these temperatures is not current practice.

S3

For Section I applications, stress values at temperatures of 550°C and above are permissible but, except for tubular products 75 mm O.D. or less enclosed within the boiler setting, use of these materials at these temperatures is not current practice.

S4

For Section I applications, stress values at temperatures of 625°C and above are permissible but, except for tubular products 75 mm O.D. or less enclosed within the boiler setting, use of these materials at these temperatures is not current practice.

S5

Material that conforms to Class 10, 11, or 12 is not permitted when the nominal thickness of the material exceeds19 mm.

S6

Material that conforms to Class 10, 11, or 12 is not permitted when the nominal thickness of the material exceeds 32 mm.

S7

The maximum thickness of unheat-treated forgings does exceed 95 mm. The maximum thickness as-heat-treated may be 100 mm.

S8

The maximum section thickness does exceed 75 mm for double-normalized-and-tempered forgings, or 125 mm for quenched-and-tempered forgings.

S9

Both DN 200 and larger, and schedule 140 and heavier.

S10

The maximum pipe size is shall be DN 100 and the maximum thickness in any pipe size shall be Schedule 80.

S11

Either DN 200 and larger and less than schedule 140 wall, or less than DN 200 and all wall thicknesses.

T1

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 370°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T2

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 400°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T3

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 455°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T4

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 480°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T5

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 510°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T6

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 540°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T7

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 565°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T8

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 595°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T9

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 620°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T10

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 425°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T11

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 350°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T12

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 650°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

W1

Not for welded construction.

W2

Not for welded construction in Section III.

W3

Welded.

W4

Nonwelded, or welded if the tensile strength of the Section IX reduced section tension test is not less than 690 MPa.

W5

Welded, with the tensile strength of the Section IX reduced tension test less than 690 MPa but not less than 655 MPa.

W6

This material may be welded by the resistance technique.

W7

In welded construction for temperatures above 450°C, the weld metal has a carbon content of greater than 0.05%.

W8

Welding and oxygen or other thermal cutting processes are not permitted when carbon content exceeds 0.35% by heat analysis.

W9

For Section I applications, for pressure retaining welds in 2¼Cr–1Mo materials, other than circumferential butt welds less than or equal to 89 mm in outside diameter, when the design metal temperatures exceed 450°C, the weld metal has a carbon content greater than 0.05%.

W10

For Section III applications, material that conforms to Class 10, 13, 20, 23, 30, 33, 40, 43, 50, or 53 is not permitted for Class 2 and Class 3 construction when a weld efficiency factor of 1.00 is used in accordance with Note W12.

W11

For Section VIII applications, Section IX, QW-250 Variables QW-404.12, QW-406.3, QW-407.2, and QW-409.1 shall also apply to this material. These variables shall be applied in accordance with the rules for welding of Part UF.

W12

These S values do not include a longitudinal weld efficiency factor. For Section III applications, for materials welded without filler metal, ultrasonic examination, radiographic examination, or eddy current examination, in accordance with NC-2550, shall provide a longitudinal weld efficiency factor of 1.0. Materials welded with filler metal meeting the requirements of NC-2560 shall receive a longitudinal weld efficiency factor of 1.00. Other long. weld efficiency factors shall be in accordance with the following:

• For single butt weld, with filler metal, 0.80.

• For single or double butt weld, without filler metal, 0.85.

• For double butt weld, with filler metal, 0.90.

• For single or double butt weld, with radiography, 1.00.

W13

For Section I applications, electric resistance and autogenous welded tubing may be used with these stresses, provided the following additional restrictions and requirements are met:

• The tubing is used for boiler, waterwall, superheater, and economizer tubes that are enclosed within the setting.

• The maximum outside diameter is 89 mm.

• The weld seam of each tube is subjected to an angle beam ultrasonic inspection per SA-450.

• A complete volumetric inspection of the entire length of each tube is performed in accordance with SA-450.

• Material test reports are supplied.

W14

These S values do not include a weld factor. For Section VIII, Division 1 and Section XII applications using welds made without filler metal, the tabulated tensile strength values should be multiplied by 0.85. For welds made with filler metal, consult UW-12 of Section VIII, Division 1, or TW-130.4 for Section XII, as applicable.

W15

The Nondestructive Electric Test requirements of SA-53 Type E pipe are required for all sizes. The pipe shall be additionally marked "NDE" and so noted on the material certification.

(a)

The following abbreviations are used: ann., annealed; cond., condenser; CW, cold worked; exch., exchanger; extr., extruded; fin., finished; fr., from; HW, Hot worked; rel., relieved; rld., rolled; Smls., Seamless; Sol., Solution; treat., treated; and Wld., Welded.

(b)

The stress values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

(c)

Deleted

(d)

Deleted

(e)

An alternative typeface is used for stress values obtained from time-dependent properties (see Notes T1 through T19).

(f)

Where specifications, grades, classes, and types are listed in this Table, and where the material specification in Section II, Part A or Part B is a dual-unit specification (e.g., SB-407/SB-407M), the values listed in this Table shall be applicable to either the customary U.S. version of the material specification or the SI units version of the material specification. For example, the values listed for SB-407 Grade N08800 shall be used when SB-407M Grade N08800 is used in construction.

(g)

The properties of steels are influenced by the processing history, heat treatment, melting practice, and level of residual elements. See Nonmandatory Appendix A for more information.

(h)

Where a size limit appears in the Size/Thickness column, the limit applies to the dimension appropriate to the product form: wall thickness of tubing, pipe, pipe fittings, and hollow forgings; thickness of plate, flat bar and forgings, and polygonal bar; diameter of solid bar and bolting; and thickest cross-section of other pressure parts, e.g., castings and forgings.

G1

For steam at 250 psi (406°F), the values given for 400°F may be used.

G2

At temperatures over 1000°F, these stress values apply only when the carbon is 0.04% or higher.

G3

In the absence of evidence that the casting is of high quality throughout, values not in excess of 80% of those given in the Table shall be used. This is not intended to apply to valves and fittings made to recognized standards.

G4

Creep-fatigue, thermal ratcheting, and environmental effects are increasingly significant failure modes at temperatures in excess of 1500°F and shall be considered in the design.

G5

Due to the relatively low yield strength of these materials, these higher stress values were established at temperatures where the short time tensile properties govern to permit the use of these alloys where slightly greater deformation is acceptable. The stress values in this range exceed 66 2/3 % but do not exceed 90% of the yield strength at temperature. Use of these stresses may results in dimensional changes due to permanent strain. These stress values are not recommended for the flanges of gasketed joints or other applications where slight amounts of distortion can cause leakage or malfunction. For Section III applications, Table Y-2 lists multiplying factors that, when applied to the yield strength values shown in table Y-1, will give allowable stress values that will result in lower values of permanent strain.

G6

Maximum temperature for external pressure not to exceed 350°F.

G7

Use 350F curve for all temperature values below 350°F.

G8

The stresses for this material are based on 120 ksi minimum tensile strength because of weld metal strength limitations.

G9

Use Fig. NFC-6 up to and including 300F. Use the 600°F curve of Fig. NFC-3 above 300F up to and including 400F. Maximum temperature for external pressure not to exceed 400F.

G10

Maximum temperature for external pressure not to exceed 450°F.

G11

Referenced external pressure chart is applicable up to 700°F.

G12

Referenced external pressure chart is applicable up to 800°F.

G13

For Section VIII and XII applications, use of external pressure charts for material in the form of bar stock is permitted for stiffening rings only.

G14

For Section VIII applications, a factor of 0.85 has been applied in arriving at the maximum allowable stress values in tension for this material. Divide tabulated values by 0.85 for maximum allowable longitudinal tensile stress.

G15

To these stress values a quality factor as specified in ND-3115 of Section III; UG-24 of Section VIII, Division 1; or TM-190 of Section XII shall be applied for castings. This is not intended to apply to valves and fittings made to recognized standards.

G16

Allowable stress values shown are 90% of those for the corresponding core material.

G17

Copper-silicon alloys are not always suitable when exposed to certain media and high temperatures, particularly steam above 212°F. The user should ensure that the alloy selected is satisfactory for the service for which it is to be used.

G18

Because of the occasionally contingent danger from the failure of pressure vessels by stress corrosion cracking, the following is pertinent. These materials are suitable for engineering use under a wide variety of ordinary corrosive conditions with no particular hazard in respect to stress corrosion.

G19

Few alloys are completely immune to stress corrosion cracking in all combinations of stress and corrosive environments and the supplier of the material should be consulted. Reference may also be made to the following sources: (1) Stress Corrosion Cracking Control Measures B.F. Brown, U.S. National Bureau of Standards (1977), available from NACE, Texas; (2) The Stress Corrosion of Metals, H.L. Logan, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1966.

G20

For plate only.

G21

The maximum operating temperature is arbitrarily set at 500°F because harder temper adversely affects design stress in the creep rupture temperature range.

G22

The minimum tensile strength of reduced tension specimens in accordance with QW-462.1 of Section IX shall not be less than 110,000 psi.

G23

This alloy is subject to severe loss of impact strength at room temperature after exposure in the range of 1000°F to 1400°F.

G24

For stress relieved tempers (T351, T3510, T3511, T451, T4510, T4511, T651, T6510, T6511), stress values for materials in the basic temper shall be used.

G25

The tension test specimen from plate 0.500 in. and thicker is machined from the core and does not include the cladding alloy; therefore, the allowable stress values for thickness less than 0.500 in. shall be used.

G26

The tension test specimen from plate 0.500 in. and thicker is machined from the core and does not include the cladding alloy; therefore, the allowable stress values shown are 90% of those for the core material of the same thickness.

G27

Alloy N06022 in the solution annealed condition is subject to severe loss of impact strength at room temperatures after exposure in the range of 1000°F to 1250°F.

G28

For external pressure design, the maximum design temperature is limited to 1000°F.

G29

External pressure chart NFN-2 may be used for temperatures between 400°F and 600°F.

G30

Allow N06025 in the solution annealed condition is subject to severe loss of rupture ductility in the approximate temperature range of 1200°F to 1400°F.

G31

For external pressure design, the maximum design temperature is limited to 1200°F.

G32

For Section I use, the y values (see Section 1, PG-27.4.6) shall be as follows: for 1050°F and below, 0.4; for 1100°F, 0.5; and for 1150°F and above, 0.7.

G33

Allowable stress values listed are set equal to those of an annealed temper, as data were not provided to justify higher values.

H1

For temperatures above 1000°F, these stress values may be used only if the material is annealed at a minimum temperature of 1900°F and has a carbon content of 0.04% or higher.

H2

For temperatures above 1000°F, these stress values may be used only if the material is heat treated by heating it to a minimum temperature of 1900°F and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.

H3

For Section I applications, cold drawn pipe or tube shall be annealed at 1900°F minimum.

H4

The material shall be given a 1725°F to 1825°F stabilizing heat treatment.

T1

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 250°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T2

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 300°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T3

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 350°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T4

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 400°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T5

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 500°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T6

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 550°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T7

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 600°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T8

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 750°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T9

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 800°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T10

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 850°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T11

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 900°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T12

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 950°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T13

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1000°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T14

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1050°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T15

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1100°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T16

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1150°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T17

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1200°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T18

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1250°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T19

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 450°F and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

W1

No welding or brazing permitted.

W2

For Section VIII applications, UNF-56(d) shall apply for welded constructions.

W3

For welded and brazed constructions, stress values for O (annealed) temper material shall be used.

W4

The stress values given for this material are not applicable when either welding or thermal cutting is employed.

W5

These S values do not include a longitudinal weld efficiency factor. For Section III applications, for materials welded without filler metal, ultrasonic examination, radiographic examination, or eddy current examination, in accordance with NC-2550, shall provide a longitudinal weld efficiency factor of 1.00. Materials welded with filler metal meeting the requirements of NC-2560 shall receive a longitudinal weld efficiency factor of 1.00. Other long. weld efficiency factors shall be in accordance with the following:

1. for single butt weld, with filler metal, 0.80;

2. for single or double butt weld, without filler metal, 0.85;

3. for double butt weld, with filler metal, 0.90;

4. for single or double butt weld, with radiography or ultrasonic, 1.00.

W6

Filler metal shall not be used in the manufacture of welded pipe or tubing.

W7

Strength of reduced-section tensile specimen required to qualify welding procedures. See QW-150, Section IX.

W8

Deleted.

W9

Use NFA-12 when welded with 5356 or 5556 filler metal, all thickness, or 4043 or 5554 filler metal, thickness <= 3/8 in. Use NFA-13 when welded with 4043 or 5554 filler metal, thickness > 3/8 in.

W10

For welded and brazed constructions, stress values for the welded and annealed (WO61) temper material shall be used.

W11

These maximum allowable stress values are to be used in welded or brazed constructions.

W12

These S values do not include a weld factor. For Section VIII, Division 1 applications using welds made without filler metal, the tabulated tensile stress values shall be multiplied by 0.85. For welds made with filler metal, consult UW-12 of Section VIII, Division 1, or TW-130.4 of Section XII, as applicable.

W13

For service at 1200°F or higher, the deposited weld metal shall be of the same nominal chemistry as the base metal.

W14

No welding permitted.

W15

For Section VIII and XII applications, no welding is permitted.

(a)

The following abbreviations are used: ann., annealed; cond., condenser; CW, cold worked; exch., exchanger; extr., extruded; fin., finished; fr., from; HW, Hot worked; rel., relieved; rld., rolled; Smls., Seamless; Sol., Solution; treat., treated; and Wld., Welded.

(b)

The stress values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

(c)

Deleted

(d)

Deleted

(e)

An alternative typeface is used for stress values obtained from time-dependent properties (see Notes T1-T20).

(f)

Where specifications, grades, classes, and types are listed in this Table, and where the material specification in Section II, Part A or Part B is a dual-unit specification (e.g., SB-407/SB-407M), the values listed in this Table are applicable to either the customary U.S. version of the material specification or the SI units version of the material specification. For example, the values listed for SB-407 Grade N08800 are used when SB-407M Grade N08800 is used in construction.

(g)

The properties of steels are influenced by the processing history, heat treatment, melting practice, and level of residual elements. See Nonmandatory Appendix A for more information.

(h)

Where a size limit appears in the Size/Thickness column, the limit applies to the dimension appropriate to the product form: wall thickness of tubing, pipe, pipe fittings, and hollow forgings; thickness of plate, flat bar and forgings, and polygonal bar; diameter of solid bar and bolting; and thickest cross–section of other pressure parts, e.g., castings and forgings.

G1

For steam at 1700 kPa (208°C), the values given for 200°C may be used.

G2

At temperatures over 550°C, these stress values apply only when the carbon is 0.04% or higher.

G3

In the absence of evidence that the casting is of high quality throughout, values not in excess of 80% of those given in the Table are used. This is not intended to apply to valves and fittings made to recognized standards.

G4

Creep-fatigue, thermal ratcheting, and environmental effects are increasingly significant failure modes at temperatures in excess of 825°C and shall be considered in the design.

G5

Due to the relatively low yield strength of these materials, these higher stress values were established at temperatures where the short– time tensile properties govern to permit the use of these alloys where slightly greater deformation is acceptable. The stress values in this range exceed 662/3% but do not exceed 90% of the yield strength at temperature. Use of these stresses may result in dimensional changes due to permanent strain. These stress values are not recommended for the flanges of gasketed joints or other applications where slight amounts of distortion can cause leakage or malfunction. For Section III applications, Table Y–2 lists multiplying factors that, when applied to the yield strength values shown in Table Y–1, will give allowable stress values that will result in lower levels of permanent strain.

G6

Maximum temperature for external pressure not to exceed 175ºC.

G7

Use 175°C curve for all temperature values below 175ºC.

G8

The stresses for this material are based on 828 MPa minimum tensile strength because of weld metal strength limitations.

G9

Use Fig. NFC-6 up to and including 150°C. Use the 315°C curve of Fig. NFC-3 above 150°C up to and including 200°C. Maximum temperature for external pressure not to exceed 200°C.

G10

Maximum temperature for external pressure does not exceed 225°C.

G11

Referenced external pressure chart is applicable up to 375°C.

G12

Referenced external pressure chart is applicable up to 425°C.

G13

For Section VIII and XII applications, use of external pressure charts for material in the form of bar stock is permitted for stiffening rings only.

G14

For Section VIII applications, a factor of 0.85 has been applied in arriving at the maximum allowable stress values in tension for this material. Divide tabulated values by 0.85 for maximum allowable longitudinal tensile stress.

G15

To these stress values a quality factor as specified in ND-3115 of Section III; UG-24 of Section VIII, Division 1; or TM-190 of Section XII shall be applied for castings. This is not intended to apply to valves and fittings made to recognized standards.

G16

Allowable stress values shown are 90% of those for the corresponding core material.

G17

Copper-silicon alloys are not always suitable when exposed to certain media and high temperatures, particularly steam above 100°C. The user should ensure that the alloy selected is satisfactory for the service for which it is to be used.

G18

Because of the occasionally contingent danger from the failure of pressure vessels by stress corrosion cracking, the following is pertinent. These materials are suitable for engineering use under a wide variety of ordinary corrosive conditions with no particular hazard in respect to stress corrosion.

G19

Few alloys are completely immune to stress corrosion cracking in all combinations of stress and corrosive environments and the supplier of the material should be consulted. Reference may also be made to the following sources: (1) Stress Corrosion Cracking Control Measures B.F. Brown, U.S. National Bureau of Standards (1977), available from NACE, Texas; (2) The Stress Corrosion of Metals, H.L. Logan, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1966.

G20

For plate only.

G21

The maximum operating temperature is arbitrarily set at 250°C because harder temper adversely affects design stress in the creep rupture temperature range.

G22

The minimum tensile strength of reduced tension specimens in accordance with QW-462.1 of Section IX is not less than 760 MPa.

G23

This alloy is subject to severe loss of impact strength at room temperature after exposure in the range of 550°C to 750°C.

G24

For stress relieved tempers (T351, T3510, T3511, T451, T4510, T4511, T651, T6510, T6511), stress values for materials in the basic temper are used.

G25

The tension test specimen from plate 13 mm and thicker is machined from the core and does not include the cladding alloy; therefore, the allowable stress values for thickness less than 13 mm are used.

G26

The tension test specimen from plate 13 mm and thicker is machined from the core and does not include the cladding alloy; therefore, the allowable stress values shown are 90% of those for the core material of the same thickness.

G27

Alloy N06022 in the solution annealed condition is subject to severe loss of impact strength at room temperatures after exposure in the range of 550°C to 675°C.

G28

For external pressure design, the maximum design temperature is limited to 550°C.

G29

The maximum allowable stress values for greater than 900°C are 9.7 MPa (927°C), 7.6 MPa (954°C), and 5.0 MPa (982°C).

G30

The maximum allowable stress values for greater than 900°C are 5.0 MPa (925°C), 4.0 MPa (950°C), 3.2 MPa (975°C), and 2.6 MPa (1000°C). The maximum use temperature is 982°C; the value listed at 1000°C is provided for interpolation purposes only.

G31

The maximum allowable stress values for greater than 900°C are 7.8 MPa (925°C), 5.2 MPa (950°C), 3.5 MPa (975°C), and 2.4 MPa (1000°C). The maximum use temperature is 982°C; the value listed at 1000°C is provided for interpolation purposes only.

G32

The maximum allowable stress values for greater than 900°C are 6.6 MPa (925°C), 4.4 MPa (950°C), 2.9 MPa (975°C), and 2.0 MPa (1000°C). The maximum use temperature is 982°C; the value listed at 1000°C is provided for interpolation purposes only.

G33

External pressure chart NFN-2 may be used for temperatures between 205°C and 315°C.

G34

Allow N06025 in the solution annealed condition is subject to severe loss of rupture ductility in the approximate temperature range of 650°C to 760°C.

G35

For external pressure design, the maximum design temperature is limited to 650°C.

G36

For Section I use, the y values (see Section I, PG-27.4.6) shall be as follows: for 566°C and below, 0.4; for 593°C, 0.5; and for 621°C and above, 0.7.

G37

The maximum allowable stress values for greater than 900°C are 3.4 MPa (925°C), 2.6 MPa (950°C), 2.6 MPa (975°C), and 2.3 MPa (1000°C). The maximum use temperature is 982°C; the value listed at 1000°C is provided for interpolation purposes only.

G38

The maximum allowable stress values for greater than 900°C are 2.9 MPa (925°C), 2.5 MPa (950°C), 2.2 MPa (975°C), and 2.0 MPa (1000°C). The maximum use temperature is 982°C; the value listed at 1000°C is provided for interpolation purposes only.

G39

The maximum allowable stress value at 204°C is 29.6 MPa.

G40

The maximum allowable stress value at 204°C is 17.9 MPa.

G41

Allowable stress values listed are set equal to those of an annealed temper, as data were not provided to justify higher values.

H1

For temperatures above 550°C, these stress values may be used only if the material is annealed at a minimum temperature of 1040°C and has a carbon content of 0.04% or higher.

H2

For temperatures above 550°C, these stress values may be used only if the material is heat treated by heating it to a minimum temperature of 1040°C and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.

H3

For Section I applications, cold drawn pipe and tube shall be annealed at 1038°C minimum.

H4

The material shall be given a 940°C to 995°C stabilizing heat treatment.

T1

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 125°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T2

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 150°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T3

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 175°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T4

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 205°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T5

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 260°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T6

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 290°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T7

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 315°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T8

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 400°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T9

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 425°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T10

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 455°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T11

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 480°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T12

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 510°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T13

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 540°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T14

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 565°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T15

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 595°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T16

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 620°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T17

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 650°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T18

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 675°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T19

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 450°C and above are values obtained from time dependent properties.

T20

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 200°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties. Notes - Welding Requirements

T21

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 225°C and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

W1

No welding or brazing permitted.

W2

For Section VIII applications, UNF-56(d) shall apply for welded constructions.

W3

For welded and brazed constructions, stress values for O (annealed) temper material are used.

W4

The stress values given for this material are not applicable when either welding or thermal cutting is employed.

W5

These S values do not include a longitudinal weld efficiency factor. For Section III applications, for materials welded without filler metal, ultrasonic examination, radiographic examination, or eddy current examination, in accordance with NC-2550, shall provide a longitudinal weld efficiency factor of 1.0. Materials welded with filler metal meeting the requirements of NC-2560 shall receive a longitudinal weld efficiency factor of 1.00. Other long. weld efficiency factors shall be in accordance with the following:

• For single butt weld, with filler metal, 0.80.

• For single or double butt weld, without filler metal, 0.85.

• For double butt weld, with filler metal, 0.90.

• For single or double butt weld, with radiography or ultrasonic, 1.00.

W6

Filler metal is not used in the manufacture of welded pipe or tubing.

W7

Strength of reduced-section tensile specimen required to qualify welding procedures. See QW-150, Section IX.

W8

Deleted

W9

Use NFA-12 when welded with 5356 or 5556 filler metal, all thicknesses, or 4043 or 5554 filler material, thickness <= 10 mm. Use NFA-13 when welded with 4043 or 5554 filler material, thickness > 10 mm.

W10

For welded and brazed constructions, stress values for the welded and annealed (WO61) temper material shall be used.

W11

These maximum allowable stress values are to be used in welded or brazed constructions.

W12

These S values do not include a weld factor. For Section VIII, Division 1and and Section XII applications using welds made without filler metal, the tabulated tensile stress values are multiplied by 0.85. For welds made with filler metal, consult UW-12 of Section VIII, Division 1, or TW-130.4 of Section XII, as applicable.

W13

For service at 650°C or higher, the deposited weld metal is of the same nominal chemistry as the base metal.

W14

No welding permitted.

W15

For Section VIII and XII applications, no welding is permitted.

(a)

Allowable working stresses in single shear = 0.8 times the given values.

(b)

Allowable working stresses in double shear = 1.6 times the given values.

(c)

Allowable working stresses in bearing = 1.8 times the given values.

(d)

The values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

(e)

Values of stresses above 700 F are based upon steel in annealed condition.

1

Limited to plates not over 3/4 in. in thickness and to temperatures not above 750 F.

2

Maximum value for tensile strength permitted in design, 55,000 psi.

3

For present, limited to temperatures not above 750 F.

4

Only seamless steel pipe or tubing, or electric-fusion-welded pipe may be used for temperatures above 750 F.

5

Limited to temperatures not above 450 F.

6

Limited to temperatures not above 750 F.

7

Limited to temperatures not above 850 F.

(a)

The values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

1

See Par. UG-6

2

Flange quality in this specification not permitted over 850 F.

3

These stress values are one-fourth the specified minimum tensile strength multiplied by a quality factor of 0.92, except for SA-283, Grade D. and SA-7.

4

For service temperatures above 850 F it is recommended that killed steels containing not less than 0.19% residual silicon be used. Killed steels which have been deoxidized with large amounts of aluminum and rimmed steels may have creep and stress-rupture properties in the temperature range above 850 F, which are somewhat less than those on which the values in the above table are based.

5

Between temperatures of 650 F and 1000 F, inclusive, the stress values for Specification SA-201, Grade B, may be used until high temperature test data become available.

6

Only (silicon) killed steel shall be used above 900 F.

7

To these stress values a quality factor as specified in Par. UG-24 shall be applied.

8

These stress values apply to normalized and drawn material only.

9

These stress values are established from a consideration of strength only and will be satisfactory for average service. For bolted joints, where freedom from leakage over a long period of time without retightening is required, lower stress values may be necessary as determined from the relative flexibility of the flange and bolts, and corresponding relaxation properties.

10

Between temperatures of —20 to 400 F, stress values equal to the lower of the following will be permitted: 20% of the specified tensile strength, or 25% of the specified yield strength.

11

Not permitted above 450 F; allowable stress value 7000 psi.

12

Between temperatures 750 F to 1000 F, inclusive, the stress values for Specification SA-212, Grade B, may be used until high temperature test data become available.

13

The stress values to be used for temperatures below —20 F when steels are made to conform with Specification SA-300 shall be those that are given in the column for —20 to 650 F.

(a)

Stress values in restricted shear such as dowel bolts, rivets, or similar construction in which the shearing member is so restricted that the section under consideration would fail without reduction of area shall be 0.80 times the given values.

(b)

Stress values in bearing shall be 1.60 times the given values.

(c)

The values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

1

See Par. UCS-6(b).

2

Flange quality in this specification not permitted over 850 F.

3

These stress values are one-fourth the specified minimum tensile strength multiplied by a quality factor of 0.92, except for SA-283, Grade D. SA-7 and SA-36.

4

For service temperatures above 850 F it is recommended that killed steels containing not less than 0.10% residual silicon be used. Killed steels which have been deoxidized with large amounts of aluminum and rimmed steels may have creep and stress-rupture properties in the temperature range above 850 F:, which are somewhat less than those on which the values in the above table are based.

5

Between temperatures of 650 F and 1000 F, inclusive, the stress values for Specification SA-201, Grade B, may be used until high temperature test data become available.

6

Only (silicon) killed steel shall be used above 900 F.

7

To these stress values a quality factor as specified in Par. UG-24 shall be applied.

8

These stress values apply to normalized and drawn material only.

9

These stress values are established from a consideration of strength only and will be satisfactory for average service. For bolted joints, where freedom from leakage over a long period of time without retightening is required, lower stress values may be necessary JS determined from the relative flexibility of the flange and bolts, and corresponding relaxation properties.

10

Between temperatures of —20 to 400 F, Stress values equal to the lower of the following will be permitted: 20% of the specified tensile strength, or 25% of the specified yield strength.

11

Not permitted above 450 F; allowable stress value 7000 psi.

12

Between temperatures of 750 F to 1000 F. inclusive, the stress values for Specification SA-212, Grade B, may be used until high temperature test data become available.

13

The stress values to be used for temperatures below —20 F when steels are made to conform with Specification SA-300 shall be those that are given in the column for —20 to 650 F.

15

For temperatures below 400 F, stress values equal to 20 per cent of the specified minimum tensile strength will be permitted.

19

These allowable stress values apply also to structural shapes and bars.

20

Stress values apply to normalized, or normalized and tempered or oil quenched and tempered material only, as per applicable specification.

21

Stress values apply to quenched and tempered material only, as per applicable specification.

22

Welding not permitted when carbon content exceeds 0.35 per cent by ladle analysis except for repairs or non-pressure attachments as outlined in Part UF.

23

Welding or brazing not permitted on liquid quenched and tempered material.

24

Maximum allowable stress values shall be as follows:

25

See Par. UCS-6 (c).

26

This material shall not be used in thicknesses above 0.58 in.

1

Due to the relatively low yield strength of this material, the higher stress values at temperatures from 200 through 1050F were established to permit the use of this material where slip-hay greater deformation is acceptable. The stress values within the above range exceed 621/2 per cent, but do not exceed 90 percent of the yield strength at temperature. These stress values are not recommended for the design of flanges or piping.

2

These stress values at temperatures of 1050F and above should be used only when assurance is provided that the steel has a predominant grain size not finer than ASTM No. 6.

3

These stress values shall be considered basic values to be used when no effort is made to control or check the grain size of the steel.

4

These stress values are the basic values multiplied by a joint efficiency factor of 0.85.

5

These stress values are established from a consideration of strength only and will be satisfactory for average service. For bolted joints where freedom from leakage over a long period of time without retightening is required, lower values may be necessary as determined from the flexibility of the flange and bolts and corresponding relaxation.

6

These stress values a quality factor as specified in Par. UG-24 shall be applied.

7

These stress values permitted for material that has been carbide-solution treated.

8

For temperatures below 100F, stress values equal to 20 percent of the specified minimum tensile strength will be permitted.

9

This steel may be expected to develop embrittlement at room temperature after service at temperatures above 800F: consequently, its use at higher temperatures is not recommended unless due caution is observed.

10

At temperatures over 1000F, these stress values apply only when the carbon is 0.04 percent or higher.

11

For temperatures above 800F, the stress values apply only when the carbon content is 0.04 percent and above.

12

These stress values shall be applicable to forgings over 5 inches in thickness.

(a)

Stress values in restricted shear such as dowel bolts, rivets, or similar construction in which the shearing member is so restricted that the section under consideration would fail without reduction of area shall be 0.80 times the given values.

(b)

Stress values in bearing shall be 1.60 times the given values.

(c)

The values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

1

See UCS-6(b).

3

These stress values are one fourth the specified minimum tensile strength multiplied by a qualify factor of 0.92, except for SA-283, Grade D, and SA-36.

4

For service temperatures above 850 F it is recommended that killed steels containing not less than 0.10 percent residual silicon be used. Killed steels which have been deoxidized with large amounts of aluminum and rimmed steels may have creep and stress rupture properties in the temperature range above 850 F. which are somewhat less than those on which the values in the above Table are based.

5

Between temperatures of 650 and 1000 F, inclusive, the stress values for Specification SA-201. Grade B. may be used until high temperature test data become available.

6

Only killed steel shall be used above 850 F.

7

To these stress values a quality factor as specified in UG-24 shall be applied for castings.

8

These stress values apply to normalized and drawn material only.

9

These stress values are established from a consideration of strength only and will be satisfactory for average service. For bolted joints, where freedom from leakage over a long period of time without retightening is required, lower stress values may be necessary as determined from the relative flexibility of the flange and bolts, and corresponding relaxation properties.

11

Not permitted above 450F; allowable stress value 7000 psi.

12

Between temperatures of 750 and 1000 F, inclusive, the stress values for Specification SA-515, Grade 70. May be used until high temperature test data become available.

13

The stress values to be used for temperatures below —20F when steels are made to conform with supplement (5)SA-20 shall be those that are given in the column for —20 to 650 F.

15

For temperatures below 400 F, stress values equal to 20 percent of the specified minimum tensile strength will be permitted.

19

These allowable stress values apply also to structural shapes and bars.

20

Stress values apply to normalized, or normalized and tempered or oil quenched and tempered material only, as per applicable specification.

21

Stress values apply to quenched and tempered material only, as per applicable specification.

22

Welding or brazing is not permitted when carbon content exceeds 0.35 percent by ladle analysis except for limited types of welding as allowed in Part UF.

23

Welding or brazing not permitted on liquid quenched and tempered material.

24

Maximum allowable stress values shall be as follows:

26

This material shall not be used in thicknesses above 0.58 in.

27

Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 800 F. the carbide phase of carbon steel may be converted to graphite.

28

Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 875 F, the carbine phase of carbon-molybdenum steel may be converted to graphite.

29

The material shall not be used in thickness above 0.375 in.

30

For temperatures above which stresses are given, the allowable stresses for the annealed plate shall be used.

31

Where the fabricator performs the heat treatment the requirements of UHT-81 shall be met.

32

Section IX, QW-250 Variables QW404.12, QW406.3, QW407.2, and QW-409.1 of QW-422 shall also apply to this material. These variables shall be applied in accordance with the rules for welding of Part UF of Division I.

(a)

The following abbreviations are used: Smls., Seamless; Temp., Temperature; and Wld., Welded.

(b)

An alternative typeface is used for stress values based on successful experience in service (see Notes E1 and E2 ).

(c)

Where specifications, grades, classes, and types are listed in this Table, and where the material specification in Section II, Part A or Part B is a dual-unit specification (e.g., SA-516/SA-516M), the values listed in this Table are applicable to either the customary U.S. version of the material specification or the SI units version of the material specification. For example, the values listed for SA-516 Grade 70 are used when SA-516M Grade 485 is used in construction.

(d)

The values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

(e)

The properties of steels are influenced by the processing history, heat treatment, melting practice, and level of residual elements. See Nonmandatory Appendix A for more information.

(f)

Where a size limit appears in the Size/Thickness column, the limit applies to the dimension appropriate to the product form: wall thickness of tubing, pipe, pipe fittings, and hollow forgings; thickness of plate, flat bar and forgings, and polygonal bar; diameter of solid bar and bolting; and thickest cross–section of other pressure parts, e.g., castings and forgings.

E1

For values at 650°F and above, the design stress intensity values are based on successful experience in service.

E2

For values at 700°F and above, the design stress intensity values are based on successful experience in service.

E3

For values at 850°F and above, the design stress intensity values are based on successful experience in service.

E4

For values at 900°F, the design stress intensity values are based on successful experience in service.

G1

Material that conforms to Class 10, 13, 20, 23, 30, 33, 40, 43, 50, or 53 is not permitted.

G2

Material that conforms to Class 11 or 12 is not permitted.

G3

Material that conforms to Class 11 or 12 is not permitted when the nominal thickness of the material exceeds ¾ in.

G4

Material that conforms to Class 11 or 12 is not permitted when the nominal thickness of the material exceeds 1¼ in.

G5

For Section III applications, a product analysis is required on this material.

G6

SA-723 is not used for minimum permissible temperature below +40°F.

G7

Due to the relatively low yield strength of these materials, these higher stress values were established at temperatures where the short time tensile properties govern to permit the use of these alloys where slightly greater deformation is acceptable. The stress values in this range exceed 66 2/3 % but do not exceed 90% of the yield strength at temperature. Use of these stresses may results in dimensional changes due to permanent strain. These stress values are not recommended for the flanges of gasketed joints or other applications where slight amounts of distortion can cause leakage or malfunction. Table Y-2 lists multiplying factors that, when applied to the yield strength values shown in Table Y-1, give allowable stress values that will result in lower values of permanent strain.

G8

This material has reduced toughness at room temperature after exposure at high temperature. The degree of embrittlement depends on composition, heat treatment, time and temperature. The lowest temperature of concern is about 500°F. See Appendix A, A-360.

G9

At temperatures over 1000°F, these stress intensity values apply only when the carbon is 0.04% or higher. This note is applicable only when stresses above 1000°F are published.

G10

For temperatures above 1000°F, these stress intensity values may be used only if the material has been heat treated by heating to a minimum temperature of 1900°F and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means. This note is applicable only when stresses above 1000°F are published.

G11

These stress intensity values at temperatures of 1050°F and above should be used only when assurance is provided that the steel has a predominant grain size not finer than ASTM No. 6. This note is applicable only when stresses above 1000°F are published.

G12

These stress intensity values are considered basic values to be used when no effort is made to control or check the grain size of the steel.

G13

This steel may be expected to develop embrittlement after service at moderately elevated temperature. See Appendix A, A-340 and A-360.

G14

All forgings have a maximum tensile strength not in excess of 25 ksi above the specified minimum.

G15

Fabricated from SA-387 Grade 12 Class 1 plate.

G16

Fabricated from SA-387 Grade 12 Class 2 plate.

G17

A factor of 4 was used for tensile strength to obtain the stress intensity value.

G18

A quality factor of 0.85 has been applied in arriving at the design stress intensity values for this material.

G19

The tensile strength shall not be in excess of 20,000 psi above the specified minimum.

G20

For Section VIII applications, SA–723 is exempt from the requirement in Section VIII, Division 2, 6.7.6.3(b) that the average of the individual Brinell hardness numbers shall not be more than 10% below or 25% above the number corresponding to the tensile strength

G21

See Section VIII, Division 2, 3.4.

H1

Annealed.

H2

Quenched and tempered at 1200°F. Notes – Size Requirements

H3

For Section III applications, pieces that are formed (after quenching and tempering) at a temperature lower than 25°F below the final tempering temperature are heat-treated after forming when the extreme fiber strain from forming exceeds 3%. Heat treatment shall be 1075°F minimum, but not higher than 25°F below the final tempering temperature for a minimum time of one hour per inch of thickness. Pieces formed at temperatures within 25°F higher than the original tempering temperature are requenched and tempered, either before or after welding into the vessel.

H4

Liquid quenched and tempered.

H5

Normalized, normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered.

H6

For Section VIII applications involving consideration of heat treatment after forming or welding, see Section VIII, Division 2, Table 6.15

S1

The maximum thickness of forgings does not exceed 3¾ in. (4 in. as heat treated).

S2

Both NPS 8 and larger, and schedule 140 and heavier.

S3

The minimum thickness of pressure-retaining parts is ¼ in..

S4

For Section III applications, the minimum thickness of shells, heads, and other pressure-retaining parts is ¼ in.. The maximum thickness is limited only by the ability to develop the specified mechanical properties.

S5

Either NPS 8 and larger and less than schedule 140 wall, or less than NPS 8 and all wall thicknesses.

S6

The maximum section thickness shall not exceed 3 in. for double–normalized–and–tempered forgings, or 5 in. for quenched–and– tempered forgings.

W1

Not for welded construction.

W2

In welded construction, for temperatures above 850°F, the weld metal has a carbon content of greater than 0.05%.

W3

The following, in addition to the variables in Section IX, QW-250, are considered as essential variables requiring requalification of the welding procedure.

• An increase in the maximum or a decrease in the minimum specified preheat or interpass temperatures. The specified range of preheat temperatures does not exceed 150ºF.

• A change in the thickness T of the welding procedure qualification test plate as follows:

  1. For welded joints that are quenched and tempered after welding, any increase in thickness (the minimum thickness qualified in all cases is ¼ in.).

  2. For welded joints that are not quenced and tempered after welding, any changes as follows: (a) For T less than 5/8 in., any decrease in thickness (the maximum thickness qualified is 2T); (b) for T equal to 5/8 in. and over, any departure from the range of 5/8 in. to 2T.

W4

Welded, with the tensile strength of the Section IX reduced section tension test less than 100 ksi but not less than 95 ksi.

W5

For Section VIII applications, welding not permitted when carbon content exceeds 0.35% by ladle analysis except for limited types of welding, as allowed in Section VIII, Division 2, Part 6.

W6

For Section VIII applications, Section IX, QW–250 Variables QW–404.12, QW–406.3, QW–407.2, and QW–409.1 shall also apply to this material. These variables shall be applied in accordance with the rules for welding of Section VIII, Division 2, Part 6.

W7

Nonwelded, or welded if the tensile strength of the Section IX reduced section tension test is not less than 100 ksi.

(a)

The following abbreviations are used: ann., annealed; fin., finished; rel., relieved; Smls., Seamless; and Wld., Welded.

(b)

An alternative typeface is used for stress values based on successful experience in service (see Notes E1 and E4).

(c)

Where specifications, grades, classes, and types are listed in this Table, and where the material specification in Section II, Part A or Part B is a dual-unit specification (e.g., SB-407/SB-407M), the values listed in this Table are applicable to either the customary U.S. version of the material specification or the SI units version of the material specification. For example, the values listed for SB-407 Grade N08800 are used when SB-407M Grade N08800 is used in construction.

(d)

The values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

(e)

The properties of steels are influenced by the processing history, heat treatment, melting practice, and level of residual elements. See Nonmandatory Appendix A for more information.

(f)

Where a size limit appears in the Size/Thickness column, the limit applies to the dimension appropriate to the product form: wall thickness of tubing, pipe, pipe fittings, and hollow forgings; thickness of plate, flat bar and forgings, and polygonal bar; diameter of solid bar and bolting; and thickest cross–section of other pressure parts, e.g., castings and forgings.

E1

For values at 800°F, the design stress intensity values are based on successful experience in service.

E2

For values at 250°F and above, the design stress intensity values are based on successful experience in service.

E3

For values at 400°F and above, the design stress intensity values are based on successful experience in service.

E4

For values at 750°F and above, the design stress intensity values are based on successful experience in service.

G1

Due to the relatively low yield strength of these materials, these higher stress values were established at temperatures where the short– time tensile properties govern to permit the use of these alloys where slightly greater deformation is acceptable. The stress values in this range exceed 662/3% but do not exceed 90% of the yield strength at temperature. Use of these stresses may result in dimensional changes due to permanent strain. These stress values are not recommended for the flanges of gasketed joints or other applications where slight amounts of distortion can cause leakage or malfunction. Table Y–2 lists multiplying factors that, when applied to the yield strength values shown in Table Y–1, will give allowable stress values that will result in lower levels of permanent strain.

G2

Use of external pressure charts for material in the form of barstock is permitted for stiffening rings only.

G3

SB-163 Supplementary Requirement S2 is met.

G4

Design stress intensity values for 100°F may be used at temperatures down to –325°F without additional specification requirements.

G5

A joint efficiency factor of 0.85 has been applied in arriving at the maximum allowable design stress intensity values for this material.

G6

Maximum temperature for external pressure design not to exceed 350°F.

G7

These alloys are occasionally subject to the hazard of stress corrosion cracking. Even though they are suitable for engineering use under a wide variety of corrosive conditions, with no particular hazard with respect to stress corrosion, the supplier of the material should be consulted before applying them.

G8

Design stress intensity values for 100°F may be used at temperatures down to –452°F without additional specification requirements.

G9

For stress relieved tempers (T451, T4510, T4511, T651, T6510, and T6511), stress values for materials in the basic temper shall be used.

G10

Copper–silicon alloys are not always suitable when exposed to certain media and high temperature, particularly steam above 212°F. The user should satisfy him/herself that the alloy selected is satisfactory for the service for which it is to be used.

S1

Thickness ≤ 0.100 mm.

W1

Welding except for seal welds is not permitted.

W2

For welded construction, stress intensity values for material of O temper shall be used.

W3

The stress intensity values given for this material are not applicable when either welding or thermal cutting is employed.

(a)

The following abbreviations are used: ann., annealed; fin., finished; rel., relieved; Smls., Seamless; and Wld., Welded.

(b)

An alternative typeface is used for stress values based on successful experience in service (see Notes E1 and E2).

(c)

Where specifications, grades, classes, and types are listed in this Table, and where the material specification in Section II, Part A or Part B is a dual-unit specification (e.g., SB-407/SB-407M), the values listed in this Table are applicable to either the customary U.S. version of the material specification or the SI units version of the material specification. For example, the values listed for SB-407 Grade N08800 are used when SB-407M Grade N08800 is used in construction.

(d)

The values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

(e)

The properties of steels are influenced by the processing history, heat treatment, melting practice, and level of residual elements. See Nonmandatory Appendix A for more information.

(f)

Where a size limit appears in the Size/Thickness column, the limit applies to the dimension appropriate to the product form: wall thickness of tubing, pipe, pipe fittings, and hollow forgings; thickness of plate, flat bar and forgings, and polygonal bar; diameter of solid bar and bolting; and thickest cross–section of other pressure parts, e.g., castings and forgings.

E1

For values at 425°C, the design stress intensity values are based on successful experience in service.

E2

For values at 125°C and above, the design stress intensity values are based on successful experience in service.

E3

For values at 200°C and above, the design stress intensity values are based on successful experience in service.

E4

For values at 400°C and above, the design stress intensity values are based on successful experience in service.

E5

For values at 150°C and above, the design stress intensity values are based on successful experience in service.

G1

Due to the relatively low yield strength of these materials, these higher stress values were established at temperatures where the short– time tensile properties govern to permit the use of these alloys where slightly greater deformation is acceptable. The stress values in this range exceed 662/3% but do not exceed 90% of the yield strength at temperature. Use of these stresses may result in dimensional changes due to permanent strain. These stress values are not recommended for the flanges of gasketed joints or other applications where slight amounts of distortion can cause leakage or malfunction. Table Y–2 lists multiplying factors that, when applied to the yield strength values shown in Table Y–1, will give allowable stress values that will result in lower levels of permanent strain.

G2

Use of external pressure charts for material in the form of barstock is permitted for stiffening rings only.

G3

SB-163 Supplementary Requirement S2 is met.

G4

Design stress intensity values for 40°C may be used at temperatures down to –200°C without additional specification requirements.

G5

A joint efficiency factor of 0.85 has been applied in arriving at the maximum allowable design stress intensity values for this material.

G6

Maximum temperature for external pressure design not to exceed 175°C.

G7

These alloys are occasionally subject to the hazard of stress corrosion cracking. Even though they are suitable for engineering use under a wide variety of corrosive conditions, with no particular hazard with respect to stress corrosion, the supplier of the material should be consulted before applying them.

G8

Design stress intensity values for 40°C may be used at temperatures down to –270°C without additional specification requirements.

G9

For stress relieved tempers (T451, T4510, T4511, T651, T6510, and T6511), stress values for materials in the basic temper shall be used.

G10

Copper–silicon alloys are not always suitable when exposed to certain media and high temperature, particularly steam above 100°C. The user should satisfy him/herself that the alloy selected is satisfactory for the service for which it is to be used.

S1

Thickness ≤ 2.5 mm.

W1

Welding except for seal welds is not permitted.

W2

For welded construction, stress intensity values for material of O temper shall be used.

W3

The stress intensity values given for this material are not applicable when either welding or thermal cutting is employed.

(a)

The stress values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

(b)

Deleted

(c)

Deleted

(d)

These stress values are established from a consideration of strength only and will be satisfactory for average service. For bolted joints where freedom from leakage over a long period of time without retightening is required, lower stress values may be necessary as determined from the relative flexibility of the flange and bolts, and corresponding relaxation properties.

(e)

Stress values for 100°F are applicable for colder temperatures when toughness requirements of Section III or Section VIII are met.

(f)

For bolting with a reported hardness exceeding 350 HB, user is cautioned that under certain conditions of temperature and environment or fatigue conditions, stress corrosion cracking of this high hardness bolting shall be considered.

(g)

The following abbreviations are used: Ann., Annealed; ann., annealed; CD, Cold drawn; fin., finished; rel., relieved; str., stress; and wld., welded.

(h)

Where specifications, grades, classes, and types are listed in this Table, and where the material specification in Section II, Part A or Part B is a dual–unit specification (e.g., SA–193/SA–193M), the values listed in this Table shall be applicable to either the customary U.S. version of the material specification or the SI units version of the material specification. For example, the values listed for SA–193 Grade B6 shall be used when SA–193M Grade B6 is used in construction.

(i)

An alternative typeface is used for stress values obtained from time–dependent properties (see Notes T1 through T12).

(j)

The properties of steels are influenced by the processing history, heat treatment, melting practice, and level of residual elements. See Nonmandatory Appendix A for more information.

(k)

Where a size limit appears in the Size/Thickness column, the limit applies to the dimension appropriate to the product form: wall thickness of tubing, pipe, pipe fittings, and hollow forgings; thickness of plate, flat bar and forgings, and polygonal bar; diameter of solid bar and bolting; and thickest cross–section of other pressure parts, e.g., castings and forgings.

G1

Alloy N06625 in the annealed condition is subject to severe loss of impact strength at room temperatures after exposure in the range of 1000°F to 1400°F.

G2

Copper–silicon alloys are not always suitable when exposed to certain media and high temperatures, particularly steam above 212°F. The owner, the owner's designated agent, or the user should ensure him/herself that the alloy selected is satisfactory for the service for which it is to be used.

G3

The maximum operating temperature is arbitrarily set at 500°F because harder temper adversely affects design stress in the creep rupture temperature range.

G4

This material has reduced toughness at room temperature after exposure for about 5000 hr at 600°F and after shorter exposure above 650°F.

G5

At temperatures above 1000°F, these stress values apply only when the carbon is 0.04% or higher on heat analysis.

G6

For temperatures above 1000°F, these stress values may be used only if the material is heat treated by heating it to a minimum temperature of 1900°F.

G7

The user is cautioned that under certain conditions of temperature and environment or fatigue conditions, stress corrosion of this material shall be considered.

G8

For all design temperatures, the maximum hardness shall be Rockwell C35 immediately under thread roots. The hardness shall be taken on a flat area at least ⅛ in. across, prepared by removing threads; no more material than necessary shall be removed to prepare the flat area. Hardness determinations shall be made at the same frequency as tensile tests.

G9

For Section VIII, Division 1 applications, use of external pressure charts for material in the form of bar stock is permitted for stiffening rings only.

G10

For stress relieved tempers, stress values for T3 temper can be used for T351, T3510, and T3511; stress values for T4 temper can be used for T451, T4510, and T4511; and stress values for T6 temper can be used for T651, T6510, and T6511.

G11

The shipping lot testing method of SA–574, 11.3, is prohibited.

G12

Since these bolts could be used in flanged joints, the maximum permitted temperature and maximum allowable stress are limited to reduce the potential for bolt relaxation and associated flange leakage.

H1

Design stresses for the cold drawn temper based on hot rolled properties until required data on cold drawn is submitted.

T1

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 300°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T2

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 350°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T3

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 450°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T4

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 550°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T5

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 850°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T6

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 900°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T7

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 950°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T8

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1000°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties

T9

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1050°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T10

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1100°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T11

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1150°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T12

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1200°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

W1

Welding, brazing, and thermal cutting are not permitted.

W2

If welded, the allowable stress values for the annealed condition shall be used.

W3

This material may be welded by the resistance technique.

W4

The stress values given for this material are not applicable when either welding or thermal cutting is employed.

W5

Except for nonstructural tack welds used as a locking device, welding is prohibited for Section VIII, Division 1 use.

(a)

The stress values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

(b)

Deleted

(c)

Deleted

(d)

These stress values are established from a consideration of strength only and will be satisfactory for average service. For bolted joints where freedom from leakage over a long period of time without retightening is required, lower stress values may be necessary as determined from the relative flexibility of the flange and bolts, and corresponding relaxation properties.

(e)

Stress values for 40°C are applicable for colder temperatures when toughness requirements of Section III or Section VIII are met.

(f)

For bolting with a reported hardness exceeding 350 HB, user is cautioned that under certain conditions of temperature and environment or fatigue conditions, stress corrosion cracking of this high hardness bolting shall be considered.

(g)

The following abbreviations are used: Ann., Annealed; ann., annealed; CD, Cold drawn; fin., finished; rel., relieved; str., stress; and wld., welded.

(h)

Where specifications, grades, classes, and types are listed in this Table, and where the material specification in Section II, Part A or Part B is a dual–unit specification (e.g., SA–193/SA–193M), the values listed in this Table shall be applicable to either the customary U.S. version of the material specification or the SI units version of the material specification. For example, the values listed for SA–193 Grade B6 shall be used when SA–193M Grade B6 is used in construction.

(i)

An alternative typeface is used for stress values obtained from time–dependent properties (see Notes T1 through T12).

(j)

The properties of steels are influenced by the processing history, heat treatment, melting practice, and level of residual elements. See Nonmandatory Appendix A for more information.

(k)

Where a size limit appears in the Size/Thickness column, the limit applies to the dimension appropriate to the product form: wall thickness of tubing, pipe, pipe fittings, and hollow forgings; thickness of plate, flat bar and forgings, and polygonal bar; diameter of solid bar and bolting; and thickest cross–section of other pressure parts, e.g., castings and forgings.

G1

Alloy N06625 in the annealed condition is subject to severe loss of impact strength at room temperatures after exposure in the range of 550°C to 750°C.

G2

Copper–silicon alloys are not always suitable when exposed to certain media and high temperatures, particularly steam above 100°C. The owner, the owner's designated agent, or the user should ensure him/herself that the alloy selected is satisfactory for the service for which it is to be used.

G3

The maximum operating temperature is arbitrarily set at 250°C because harder temper adversely affects design stress in the creep rupture temperature range.

G4

This material has reduced toughness at room temperature after exposure for about 5000 h at 325°C and after shorter exposure above 350°C.

G5

At temperatures above 550°C, these stress values apply only when the carbon is 0.04% or higher on heat analysis.

G6

For temperatures above 550°C, these stress values may be used only if the material is heat treated by heating it to a minimum temperature of 1040°C.

G7

The user is cautioned that under certain conditions of temperature and environment or fatigue conditions, stress corrosion of this material shall be considered.

G8

For all design temperatures, the maximum hardness shall be Rockwell C35 immediately under thread roots. The hardness shall be taken on a flat area at least 3 mm across, prepared by removing threads; no more material than necessary shall be removed to prepare the flat area. Hardness determinations shall be made at the same frequency as the tensile tests.

G9

For Section VIII, Division 1 applications, use of external pressure charts for material in the form of bar stock is permitted for stiffening rings only.

G10

For stress relieved tempers, stress values for T3 temper can be used for T351, T3510, and T3511; stress values for T4 temper can be used for T451, T4510, and T4511; and stress values for T6 temper can be used for T651, T6510, and T6511.

G11

The shipping lot testing method of SA–574, 11.3, is prohibited.

G12

Since these bolts could be used in flanged joints, the maximum permitted temperature and maximum allowable stress are limited to reduce the potential for bolt relaxation and associated flange leakage.

H1

Design stresses for the cold drawn temper based on hot rolled properties until required data on cold drawn is submitted.

T1

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 150°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T2

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 175°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T3

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 230°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T4

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 290°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T5

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 450°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T6

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 480°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T7

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 510°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T8

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 540°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T9

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 565°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T10

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 595°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T11

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 620°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T12

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 650°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

W1

Welding, brazing, and thermal cutting are not permitted.

W2

If welded, the allowable stress values for the annealed condition shall be used.

W3

This material may be welded by the resistance technique.

W4

The stress values given for this material are not applicable when either welding or thermal cutting is employed.

W5

Except for nonstructural tack welds used as a locking device, welding is prohibited for Section VIII, Division 1 use.

(a)

The following abbreviations are used: NT, Normalized and tempered; QT, Quenched and tempered; Smls., Seamless; Temp., Temperature; and Wld., Welded.

(b)

An alternative typeface is used for stress values obtained from time-dependent properties (see Notes T1 through T10).

(c)

Where specifications, grades, classes, and types are listed in this Table, and where the material specification in Section II, Part A or Part B is a dual-unit specification (e.g., SA-516/SA-516M), the values listed in this Table shall be applicable to either the customary U.S. version of the material specification or the SI units version of the material specification. For example, the values listed for SA-516 Grade 70 shall be used when SA-516M Grade 485 is used in construction.

(d)

The values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

(e)

The properties of steels are influenced by the processing history, heat treatment, melting practice, and level of residual elements. See Nonmandatory Appendix A for more information.

(f)

Where a size limit appears in the Size/Thickness column, the limit applies to the dimension appropriate to the product form; wall thickness of tubing, pipe, pipe fittings, and hollow forgings; thickness of plate, flat bar and forgings, and polygonal bar; diameter of solid bar and bolting; and thickest cross-section of other pressure parts, e.g., castings and forgings.

G1

For temperatures above 1000°F, these stress values may be used only if the material is heat treated by heating to a minimun temperature of 2000°F, and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.

G2

Due to the relatively low yield strength of these materials, these higher stress values were established at temperatures where the short– time tensile properties govern to permit the use of these alloys where slightly greater deformation is acceptable. The stress values in this range exceed 662/3% but do not exceed 90% of the yield strength at temperature. Use of these stresses may result in dimensional changes due to permanent strain. These stress values are not recommended for the flanges of gasketed joints or other applications where slight amounts of distortion can cause leakage or malfunction. Table Y–2 lists multiplying factors that, when applied to the yield strength values shown in Table Y–1, will give allowable stress values that will result in lower levels of permanent strain.

G3

At temperatures over 1000°F, these stress values apply only when the carbon is 0.04% or higher. This note is applicable only when stresses above 1000°F are published.

G4

For temperatures above 1000°F, these stress values may be used only if the material has been heat treated by heating to a minimum temperature of 1900°F and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means. This note is applicable only when stresses above 1000°F are published.

G5

These stress values at temperatures of 1050°F and above should be used only when assurance is provided that the steel has a predominant grain size not finer than ASTM No. 6. This note is applicable only when stresses above 1000°F are published.

G6

A quality factor of 0.85 has been applied in arriving at the maximum allowable stress values for this material.

G7

These stress values shall be considered basic values to be used when no effort is made to control or check the grain size of the steel.

G8

This steel may be expected to develop embrittlement after service at moderately elevated temperature; see Nonmandatory Appendix Appendix A, A-207 and A-208.

G9

The tensile strength shall not be in excess of 20,000 psi above the specified minimum.

G10

All forgings shall have a maximum tensile strength not in excess of 25 ksi above the specified minimum.

G11

SA-723 is exempt from the requirement in Section VIII, Division 2, 6.7.6.3(b) that the average of the individual Brinell hardness numbers shall not be more than 10% below or 25% above the number corresponding to the tensile strength.

G12

See Section VIII, Division 2, 3.4.

G13

Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 800°F, the carbide phase of carbon steel may be converted to graphite. See Nonmandatory Appendix A, A–201 and A–202.

G14

Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 875°F, the carbide phase of carbon–molybdenum steel may be converted to graphite. See Nonmandatory Appendix A, A–201 and A–202.

G15

This material may be susceptible to temper embrittlement. See Nonmandatory Appendix A, A-203.

G16

These stresses apply to all product forms (C, H, and P) as defined in SA/EN 10028–7.

H1

Annealed.

H2

Normalized, normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered.

H3

For applications involving consideration of heat treatment after forming or welding, see Section VIII, Division 2, Table 6.15 for P-No. 10K, Group No. 1 materials.

H4

Liquid quenched and tempered.

H7

Deleted.

S1

The maximum thickness of forgings shall not exceed 33/4 in. (4 in. as heat treated).

S2

The maximum section thickness shall not exceed 3 in. for double–normalized–and–tempered forgings, or 5 in. for quenched–and– tempered forgings.

S3

Both NPS 8 and larger, and schedule 140 and heavier.

S4

Either NPS 8 and larger and less than schedule 140 wall, or less than NPS 8 and all wall thicknesses.

T1

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 650°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T2

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 700°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T3

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 750°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T4

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 800°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T5

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 850°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T6

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 900°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T7

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 950°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T8

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1000°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T9

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1050°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T10

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1100°F and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

W1

Not for welded construction.

W2

Welding is not permitted when carbon content exceeds 0.35% by ladle analysis except for limited types of welding, as allowed in Section VIII, Division 2, Part 6.

W3

Nonwelded, or welded if the tensile strength of the Section IX reduced section tension test is not less than 100 ksi.

W4

Welded, with the tensile strength of the Section IX reduced section tension test less than 100 ksi but not less than 95 ksi.

W5

In welded construction, for temperatures above 850°F, the weld metal shall have a carbon content of greater than 0.05%.

W6

Section IX, QW-250 Variables QW-404.12, QW-406.3, QW-407.2, and QW-409.1 shall also apply to this material. These variables shall be applied in accordance with the rules for welding of Section VIII, Division 2, Part 6.

W7

The following, in addition to the variables in Section IX, QW–250, shall be considered as essential variables requiring requalification of the welding procedure: (a) An increase in the maximum or a decrease in the minimum specified preheat or interpass temperatures. The specified range of preheat temperatures shall not exceed 150°F. (b) A change in the thickness T of the welding procedure qualification test plate as follows: (1) For welded joints that are quenched and tempered after welding, any increase in thickness (the minimum thickness qualified in all cases is 1/4 in.). (2) For welded joints that are not quenched and tempered after welding, any change as follows: (–a) for T less than 5/8 in., any decrease in thickness (the maximum thickness qualified is 2T); (–b) for T equal to 5/8 in. and over, any departure from the range of 5/8 in. to 2T.

(a)

The following abbreviations are used: NT, Normalized and tempered; QT, Quenched and tempered; Smls., Seamless; Temp., Temperature; and Wld., Welded.

(b)

An alternative typeface is used for stress values obtained from time-dependent properties (see Notes T1 through T11).

(c)

Where specifications, grades, classes, and types are listed in this Table, and where the material specification in Section II, Part A or Part B is a dual-unit specification (e.g., SA-516/SA-516M), the values listed in this Table shall be applicable to either the customary U.S. version of the material specification or the SI units version of the material specification. For example, the values listed for SA-516 Grade 70 shall be used when SA-516M Grade 485 is used in construction.

(d)

The values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

(e)

The properties of steels are influenced by the processing history, heat treatment, melting practice, and level of residual elements. See Nonmandatory Appendix A for more information.

(f)

Where a size limit appears in the Size/Thickness column, the limit applies to the dimension appropriate to the product form; wall thickness of tubing, pipe, pipe fittings, and hollow forgings; thickness of plate, flat bar and forgings, and polygonal bar; diameter of solid bar and bolting; and thickest cross-section of other pressure parts, e.g., castings and forgings.

G1

For temperatures above 550°C, these stress values may be used only if the material is heat treated by heating to a minimum temperature of 1095°C, and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.

G2

Due to the relatively low yield strength of these materials, these higher stress values were established at temperatures where the short-time tensile properties govern to permit the use of these alloys where slightly greater deformation is acceptable. The stress values in this range exceed 66-2/3% but do not exceed 90% of the yield strength at temperature. Use of these stresses may result in dimensional changes due to permanent strain. These stress values are not recommended for the flanges of gasketed joints or other applications where slight amounts of distortion can cause leakage or malfunction. Table Y-2 lists multiplying factors that, when applied to the yield strength values shown in Table Y-1, will give allowable stress values that will result in lower levels of permanent strain.

G3

At temperatures over 550°C, these stress values apply only when the carbon is 0.04% or higher. This note is applicable only when stresses above 550°C are published.

G4

For temperatures above 550°C, these stress values may be used only if the material has been heat treated by heating to a minimum temperature of 1040°C and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means. This note is applicable only when stresses above 550°C are published.

G5

These stress values at temperatures of 575°C and above should be used only when assurance is provided that the steel has a predominant grain size not finer than ASTM No. 6. This note is applicable only when stresses above 550°C are published.

G6

A quality factor of 0.85 has been applied in arriving at the maximum allowable stress values for this material.

G7

These stress values shall be considered basic values to be used when no effort is made to control or check the grain size of the steel.

G8

This steel may be expected to develop embrittlement after service at moderately elevated temperature; see Nonmandatory Appendix Appendix A, A-207 and A-208.

G9

The tensile strength shall not be in excess of 140 MPa above the specified minimum.

G10

All forgings shall have a maximum tensile strength not in excess of 175 MPa above the specified minimum.

G11

SA-723 is exempt from the requirement in Section VIII, Division 2, 6.7.6.3(b) that the average of the individual Brinell hardness numbers shall not be more than 10% below or 25% above the number corresponding to the tensile strength.

G12

See Section VIII, Division 2, 3.4.

G13

Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 425°C, the carbide phase of carbon steel may be converted to graphite. See Nonmandatory Appendix A, A–201 and A–202.

G14

Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 475°C, the carbide phase of carbon–molybdenum steel may be converted to graphite.

G15

This material may be susceptible to temper embrittlement. See Nonmandatory Appendix A, A-203.

G16

These stresses apply to all product forms (C, H, and P) as defined in SA/EN 10028–7.

H1

Annealed.

H2

Normalized, normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered.

H3

For applications involving consideration of heat treatment after forming or welding, see Section VIII, Division 2, Table 6.15 for P-No. 10K, Group No. 1 materials.

H4

Liquid quenched and tempered.

H7

Deleted.

S1

The maximum thickness of forgings shall not exceed 95 mm (100 mm as heat treated).

S2

The maximum section thickness shall not exceed 75 mm for double–normalized–and–tempered forgings, or 125 mm for quenched–and– tempered forgings.

S3

Both DN 200 and larger, and schedule 140 and heavier.

S4

Either DN 200 and larger and less than schedule 140 wall, or less than DN 200 and all wall thicknesses.

T1

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 350°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T2

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 375°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T3

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 400°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T4

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 425°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T5

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 450°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T6

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 475°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T7

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 500°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T8

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 525°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T9

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 550°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T10

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 575°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T11

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 600°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

W1

Not for welded construction.

W2

Welding is not permitted when carbon content exceeds 0.35% by ladle analysis except for limited types of welding, as allowed in Section VIII, Division 2, Part 6.

W3

Nonwelded, or welded if the tensile strength of the Section IX reduced section tension test is not less than 690 MPa.

W4

Welded, with the tensile strength of the Section IX reduced section tension test less than 690 MPa but not less than 655 MPa.

W5

In welded construction, for temperatures above 450°C, the weld metal shall have a carbon content of greater than 0.05%.

W6

Section IX, QW-250 Variables QW-404.12, QW-406.3, QW-407.2, and QW-409.1 shall also apply to this material. These variables shall be applied in accordance with the rules for welding of Section VIII, Division 2, Part 6.

W7

The following, in addition to the variables in Section IX, QW–250, shall be considered as essential variables requiring requalification of the welding procedure:

1. An increase in the maximum or a decrease in the minimum specified preheat or interpass temperatures. The specified range of preheat temperatures shall not exceed 85°C.

2. A change in the thickness T of the welding procedure qualification test plate as follows:

   1. For welded joints that are quenched and tempered after welding, any increase in thickness (the minimum thickness qualified in all cases is 6 mm).

   2. For welded joints that are not quenched and tempered after welding, any change as follows: (–a) for T less than 16 mm, any decrease in thickness (the maximum thickness qualified is 2T); (–b) for T equal to 16 mm and over, any departure from the range of 16 mm to 2T.

(a)

The following abbreviations are used: ann., annealed; extr., extruded; fin., finished; rel., relieved; Smls., Seamless; and Wld., Welded.

(b)

An alternative typeface is used for stress values obtained from time-dependent properties (see Notes T1 through T14).

(c)

Where specifications, grades, classes, and types are listed in this Table, and where the material specification in Section II, Part A or Part B is a dual-unit specification (e.g., SB-407/SB-407M), the values listed in this Table shall be applicable to either the customary U.S. version of the material specification or the SI units version of the material specification. For example, the values listed for SB-407 Grade N08800 shall be used when SB-407M Grade N08800 is used in construction.

(d)

The values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

(e)

The properties of steels are influenced by the processing history, heat treatment, melting practice, and level of residual elements. See Nonmandatory Appendix A for more information.

(f)

Where a size limit appears in the Size/Thickness column, the limit applies to the dimension appropriate to the product form: wall thickness of tubing, pipe, pipe fittings, and hollow forgings; thickness of plate, flat bar and forgings, and polygonal bar; diameter of solid bar and bolting; and thickest cross-section of other pressure parts, e.g., castings and forgings.

G1

Due to the relatively low yield strength of these materials, these higher stress values were established at temperatures where the short-time tensile properties govern to permit the use of these alloys where slightly greater deformation is acceptable. The stress values in this range exceed 66-2/3% but do not exceed 90% of the yield strength at temperature. Use of these stresses may result in dimensional changes due to permanent strain. These stress values are not recommended for the flanges of gasketed joints or other applications where slight amounts of distortion can cause leakage or malfunction. Table Y-2 lists multiplying factors that, when applied to the yield strength values shown in Table Y-1, will give allowable stress values that will result in lower levels of permanent strain.

G2

Use of external pressure charts for material in the form of bar stock is permitted for stiffening rings only.

G3

Maximum allowable stress values for 100°F may be used at temperatures down to –325°F without additional specification requirements.

G4

Maximum allowable stress values for 100°F may be used at temperatures down to –452°F without additional specification requirements.

G5

Maximum temperature for external pressure design not to exceed 350°F.

G6

These alloys are occasionally subject to the hazard of stress corrosion cracking. Even though they are suitable for engineering use under a wide variety of corrosive conditions, with no particular hazard with respect to stress corrosion, the supplier of the material should be consulted before applying them.

G7

A joint efficiency factor of 0.85 has been applied in arriving at the maximum allowable stress values for this material.

G8

For stress relieved tempers (T451, T4510, T4511, T651, T6510, T6511), stress values for materials in the basic temper shall be used.

G9

Copper-silicon alloys are not always suitable when exposed to certain media and high temperature, particularly steam above 212°F. The user should satisfy him/herself that the alloy selected is satisfactory for the service for which it is to be used.

G10

At temperatures over 1000°F, these stress values apply only when the carbon is 0.04% or higher.

G11

This alloy is subject to severe loss of impact strength at room temperatures after exposure in the range of 1000°F to 1400°F.

G12

Alloy N06022 in the solution annealed condition is subject to severe loss of impact strength at room temperatures after exposure in the range of 1000°F to 1250°F.

G13

Creep-fatigue, thermal ratcheting, and environmental effects are increasingly significant failure modes at temperatures in excess of 1500°F and shall be considered in the design.

H1

For temperatures above 1000°F, these stress values may be used only if the material is annealed at a minimum temperature of 1900°F and has a carbon content of 0.04% or higher.

H2

For temperatures above 1000°F, these stress values may be used only if the material is heat treated by heating it to a minimum temperature of 1900°F and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.

T1

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 250°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T2

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 300°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T3

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 350°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T4

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 400°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T5

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 500°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T6

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 700°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T7

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 750°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T8

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 800°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T9

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 850°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T10

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 900°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T11

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 950°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T12

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1000°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

T13

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 1050°F and above are values obtained from time-dependent properties.

(a)

The following abbreviations are used: ann., annealed; extr., extruded; fin., finished; rel., relieved; Smls., Seamless; and Wld., Welded.

(b)

An alternative typeface is used for stress values obtained from time-dependent properties (see Notes T1 through T14).

(c)

Where specifications, grades, classes, and types are listed in this Table, and where the material specification in Section II, Part A or Part B is a dual-unit specification (e.g., SB-407/SB-407M), the values listed in this Table shall be applicable to either the customary U.S. version of the material specification or the SI units version of the material specification. For example, the values listed for SB-407 Grade N08800 shall be used when SB-407M Grade N08800 is used in construction.

(d)

The values in this Table may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures. The values at intermediate temperatures shall be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the value at the higher temperature between which values are being interpolated. The rounding rule is: when the next digit beyond the last place to be retained is less than 5, retain unchanged the digit in the last place retained; when the digit next beyond the last place to be retained is 5 or greater, increase by 1 the digit in the last place retained.

(e)

The properties of steels are influenced by the processing history, heat treatment, melting practice, and level of residual elements. See Nonmandatory Appendix A for more information.

(f)

Where a size limit appears in the Size/Thickness column, the limit applies to the dimension appropriate to the product form: wall thickness of tubing, pipe, pipe fittings, and hollow forgings; thickness of plate, flat bar and forgings, and polygonal bar; diameter of solid bar and bolting; and thickest cross-section of other pressure parts, e.g., castings and forgings.

G1

Due to the relatively low yield strength of these materials, these higher stress values were established at temperatures where the short-time tensile properties govern to permit the use of these alloys where slightly greater deformation is acceptable. The stress values in this range exceed 66-2/3% but do not exceed 90% of the yield strength at temperature. Use of these stresses may result in dimensional changes due to permanent strain. These stress values are not recommended for the flanges of gasketed joints or other applications where slight amounts of distortion can cause leakage or malfunction. Table Y-2 lists multiplying factors that, when applied to the yield strength values shown in Table Y-1, will give allowable stress values that will result in lower levels of permanent strain.

G2

Use of external pressure charts for material in the form of bar stock is permitted for stiffening rings only.

G3

Maximum allowable stress values for 40°C may be used at temperatures down to –200°C without additional specification requirements.

G4

Maximum allowable stress values for 40°C may be used at temperatures down to –270°C without additional specification requirements.

G5

Maximum temperature for external pressure design not to exceed 175°C.

G6

These alloys are occasionally subject to the hazard of stress corrosion cracking. Even though they are suitable for engineering use under a wide variety of corrosive conditions, with no particular hazard with respect to stress corrosion, the supplier of the material should be consulted before applying them.

G7

A joint efficiency factor of 0.85 has been applied in arriving at the maximum allowable stress values for this material.

G8

For stress relieved tempers (T451, T4510, T4511, T651, T6510, T6511), stress values for materials in the basic temper shall be used.

G9

Copper–silicon alloys are not always suitable when exposed to certain media and high temperature, particularly steam above 100°C. The user should satisfy him/herself that the alloy selected is satisfactory for the service for which it is to be used.

G10

At temperatures over 550°C, these stress values apply only when the carbon is 0.04% or higher.

G11

This alloy is subject to severe loss of impact strength at room temperatures after exposure in the range of 550°C to 750°C.

G12

Alloy N06022 in the solution annealed condition is subject to severe loss of impact strength at room temperatures after exposure in the range of 550°C to 675°C.

G13

Creep–fatigue, thermal ratcheting, and environmental effects are increasingly significant failure modes at temperatures in excess of 825°C and shall be considered in the design.

H1

For temperatures above 550°C, these stress values may be used only if the material is annealed at a minimum temperature of 1040°C and has a carbon content of 0.04% or higher.

H2

For temperatures above 550°C, these stress values may be used only if the material is heat treated by heating it to a minimum temperature of 1040°C and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.

T1

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 125°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T2

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 150°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T3

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 175°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T4

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 200°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T5

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 275°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T6

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 325°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T7

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 375°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T8

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 400°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T9

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 425°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T10

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 450°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T11

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 500°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T12

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 525°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T13

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 550°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

T14

Allowable stresses for temperatures of 575°C and above are values obtained from time–dependent properties.

W1

Welding except for seal welds is not permitted.

W2

For welded construction, stress values for material at O temper shall be used.

W3

The stress values given for this material are not applicable when either welding or thermal cutting is employed.

W4

Use NFA–12 when welded with 5356 or 5556 filler metal, all thicknesses, or 4043 or 5554 filler metal, thickness ≤ 10 mm. Use NFA–13 when welded with 4043 or 5554 filler metal, thickness > 10 mm.