This bibliography describes several of the commonly available texts and standards used by the authors of CodeCalc to develop and support the program. This list will help you to identify resources you may need to effectively design or analyze pressure vessels:
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ANSI Standard A58.1 - 1982, Building Code Requirements for Minimum Design Loads in Buildings and Other Structures, American national Standards Institute, New York, 1982.
This standard provides the most commonly used design technique for calculating wind loads and earthquake loads on structures, including pressure vessels.
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ANSI Standard B16.5, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, American National Standards Institute, New York.
This is the standard for 'standard' flanges up to 24 inches in diameter. Provides flange geometries and allowable pressures for the various classes of flanges (150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500) made from a variety of materials and over a wide range of temperatures.
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ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, SECTION VIII, Division 1, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels. July 1989. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street. New York, N.Y., 10017.
This is 'the Code'. The INTERNAL, EXTERNAL, NOZZLE and CONICAL programs are based exclusively on this document. The FLOHEAD and FLANGE programs are based primarily on this document. All of the allowable stresses used by these programs are also taken from this document.
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ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31, Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping, ANSI/ASME B31.3, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street. New York, N.Y., 10017.
This is the piping code for refineries and chemical plants. The PIPE&PAD program is based on this code. In addition, this document has good tables of elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion for many classes of materials.
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Bednar, H.H., Pressure Vessel Design Handbook, Van Nostrand-Reinhold Co., Princeton, H.J., 1981.
Bednar provides good calculation techniques for tall process towers and fair coverage of a variety of other pressure vessel design problems.
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Brownell, L.E. and Young, E.H., Process Equipment Design, John Wiley, New York, 1959.
This is a classic reference on process equipment design, and contains many useful calculation techniques. However, many copies of this book are in an unrevised format that contains errors in tables and formulas. We recommend comparing a given technique to some of the other texts before using it.
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Farr, J.R. and Jawad, M.H., Structural Analysis and Design of Process Equipment, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1984.
This is the best recent book on pressure vessel design and analysis. The book covers a wide scope of design techniques, and presents the rational and use of the ASME Code techniques better than any other pressure vessel textbook. (J.R. Farr is on many of the ASME Code committees). The book also provides a good balance of theory, practice, and example problems. Highly recommended.
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Harvey, J. F. Theory and Design of Modern Pressure Vessels, 2nd Edition, Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton, N.J.
Harvey provides a basic overview of pressure component design, but little information on supports or other peripherals to the vessel. His sections on thick walled pressure vessels, autofrettage, and thermal stress are especially useful.
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Megyesy, E.F., Pressure Vessel Handbook, Pressure Vessel Handbook Publishing, Inc., Tulsa OK, 74135
This is another very widely used book with a good combination of easy-to-use formulas, examples, and tables of data, including pipe sizes and schedules, flange dimensions and weights for components.
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Modern Flange Design, Bulletin 503, 7th Edition, Gulf and Western Taylor-Bonney Division, Southfield, Michigan.
This is the best known bulletin on design of flanges, and includes all of the flange calculation sheets commonly used for flange design. It also contains a good practical discussion of flange design and bolting, and a good table of bolt dimensions.
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Moss, Dennis R., Pressure Vessel Design Manual, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, TX, 1987.
This relatively new book provides many different calculation procedures, and some calculation sheets, for most of the common techniques in pressure vessel design. A major weakness of the book is a lack of example problems illustrating the use of the techniques. Some of the calculations for support lugs, lifting lugs, and vessel legs in the LEG&LUG program are from this book.
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Roark, R.J., and Young, W.C., Formulas for Stress and Strain, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 1795. (Later editions also available).
This well-known reference book provides an abundance of formulas for determining the stresses in structural components. The book provides tables for beams, plates, shells, and many other types of components under many practical loading conditions.
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Standards of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, Seventh Edition, 1988. Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association. 25 North Broadway. Tarrytown, N.Y., 10591.
This is the standard used for tubesheets (in the TUBESHT program) and channel covers (in the FLANGE program). This document also contains excellent tables of elastic modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, and the bolt tables used in the FLANGE, TUBESHT, and FLOHEAD programs.
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Wichman, K.R, Hopper, A.G, and Mershon, J. L., "Local Stresses in Spherical and Cylindrical Shells due to External Loadings", WRC Bulletin 107, Welding Research Council, New York, 1965 (revisions through 1979).
This is the 'WRC-107' technique which is widely used to determine stresses in shells due to loads on nozzles and attachments. This analysis is implemented in the WRC107 program. Though widely used, the results of this analysis are not especially accurate.
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Zick, L.P., "Stresses in large Horizontal Cylindrical Pressure Vessels on Two Saddle Supports", in Pressure Vessel and Piping Design, Collected Papers, 1927-1959, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1960.
This is the 'Zick' analysis, used in the HORIZVES program. The Zick analysis is very widely used to calculate stresses in horizontal vessels.