al(2:1) - CAESAR II - Help

CAESAR II Users Guide

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CAESAR II
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CAESAR II Version
13

Specifies the long-term axial stress at a 2:1 stress ratio. According to ISO 14962, hoop stress is twice the axial stress at a 2:1 ratio, that is hl(2:1) = 2 * al(2:1). This is a natural condition when a pressurized pipe is enclosed at both ends. However, CAESAR II allows you to type different values for hl(2:1) ≠ 2 * al(2:1). In this case, the software displays a warning message in the Error Checker.

Typical units (depending on your unit system):

  • lb/in2

  • KPa

  • N/mm²

For information on failure envelope points, see Figure B.1 of ISO 14692-2:2017.